By: Mel Hendrickson, BSN, RN, Director of Health Services, Penfield Children’s Center Type 1 diabetes affects about 1.25 million Americans, including many children. This autoimmune disease has no cure, but can be managed with treatment. What is Type 1 diabetes? This type of diabetes is caused by the body’s inability 
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By: Mel Hendrickson, BSN, RN, Director of Health Services, Penfield Children’s Center Children Sickle cell anemia is a condition that causes red blood cells to become shaped like crescent moons or sickles and have a sticky, rigid texture, in comparison to healthy red blood cells that are round and flexible. 
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A disability affects a person’s body or brain. Some people have disabilities that you can see and others have disabilities that you cannot see. No matter the person’s abilities, everyone has special talents to share!
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By: Donald J. Beno, MD Many of us know someone who has been diagnosed with cancer. In spite of advances made in treatment success, it’s still hard news to hear. Now image the person who has been diagnosed with cancer is your child. Every year about 15,700 parents hear that 
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By: Stephanie Shabangu, Penfield Children’s Center Reviewed by: Shelli Samson, NI, Penfield Children’s Center Apert syndrome affects the shape of a baby’s face and occurs when bones in the skull fuse together prematurely. In addition to affecting the child’s skull, this genetic disorder can also affect the shape of the 
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According to the Epilepsy Foundation, Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages. Many individuals with epilepsy can have different types of seizures and other neurological problems. Seizures can also come in a variety of forms. Sometimes a person’s arms and legs will twitch, 
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When a child stutters, parents often wonder if this will affect their child long-term. While some people stutter into adulthood, there are many ways to help children overcome this at an early age. What causes stuttering? The exact cause of stuttering is unknown; however we do know that a combination 
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Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a neurologically based motor-speech disorder and causes children to have difficulty making sounds, syllables, and words. The brain knows what it wants to say, but there is a problem getting the signals needed to move the child’s lips, jaw, and tongue in order to 
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What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder? Oppositional Defiant Disorder is characterized by a set of behaviors that are often negative, disrespectful, disobedient or hostile. These sets of behavior traits often are expressed through not listening, not following rules, extreme temper tantrums, deliberately annoying other people, being argumentative with adults, blaming others 
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Your child with special needs is 36 months old and you are preparing to transition from Birth-to-Three services into an early childhood program. When researching early childhood settings (home, preschool or public school), it is important to think about what your child should achieve by the end of the program. 
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